References:

Bujang, B., Chee, C.F., Heh, C.H., Rahman, N. A. (2017) Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues as adulterants of herbal and food products: analysis of the Malaysian market in 2014-2016. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, Volume 34 Issue 7 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Dell’Agli, M., Galli, G.V., Cero, E.D., Belluti, F., Matera, R., Zironi, E., Pagliuca, G., Bosisio, E. (2008) Potent Inhibition of Human Phosphodiesterase-5 by Icariin Derivatives Journal of Natural Products Volume 71, Issue 9 Pages:1513-1517 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Ding, J., Tang, Y., Tang, Z., Zu, X. ,Qi, L. , Zhang, X., Wang, G. (2017) Icariin improves the relationships function of male mice through the PI3K/AKT/eNOS/NO signalling pathway. AndrologiaVolume 50, Issue 1 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Eng-Chong, T., Yean-Kee, L., Chin-Fei,C., Choon-Han, H., Sher-Ming, W., Thio Li-Ping, C., Gen-Teck, F., Khalid, N., Abd Rahman, N., Karsani, S.A., Othman, S., Othman, R., Yusof, R., (2012) Boesenbergia rotunda: From Ethnomedicine to Drug Discovery. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 473637, 25 pages Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Fang, J., Zhang, Y. (2017) Icariin, an Anti-atherosclerotic Drug from Chinese Medicinal Herb Horny Goat Weed. Frontier Pharmacology Tongkatali.org Bibliography

FMT Reporters (2017) Another Tongkat Ali coffee product recalled in the US. Free Malaysia Today Retrieved from: Tongkatali.org Bibliography

FMT Reporters (2017) Coffee product with Tongkat Ali recalled in the US. Retrieved from: Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Hassanpour, A, Yousefian, S. Askaripour, M, Sharififar F, Ezzatabadipour, M. (2017) Ovarian protection in cyclophosphamide-treated mice by fennel. Toxicology Reports Volume 4, Pages 160-164 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Ibrahim, A.A. E-M (2008) Correlation between fennel- or anise-oil administration and damage to the testis of adult rats. Egyptian Journal of Biology , Vol. 10, Pages: 62-76 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Javidniaa, K., Dastgheib, L., Mohammadi Samania, S., Nasiria, A. (2003) Antihirsutism activity of Fennel (fruits of Foeniculum vulgare) extract – A double-blind placebo controlled study. Phytomedicine Volume 10, Issues 6–7, Pages 455-458 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Li Ching, A. Y., Wah, T. S., Sukari, M. A., Cheng Lian, G. E., Rahmani, M., Khalid, K. (2007) Characterization of flavonoid derivatives from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Volume 11, No 1 Pages: 154-159

Ning, H., Xin, Z. C., Lin, G., Banie, L., Lue, T.F., Lin, C.S. (2006) Effects of icariin on phosphodiesterase-5 activity in vitro and cyclic guanosine monophosphate level in cavernous smooth muscle cells. Urology Volume 68, Issue 6, Pages 1350-1354 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Ongwisespaiboon O, Jiraungkoorskul W. (2017) Fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda and its Aphrodisiac Activity. Pharmacognosy Reviews Volume 1 Issue 21 Pages:27-30 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Sario, R., (2014) 40000 sachets of fake tongkat ali premixed coffee. The Star Online. Retrieved from: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/08/15/fake-coffee-seized-from-mln-operation-in-sabah/

Shindel, A.W., Xin, Z. C., Lin, G., Fandel, T.M., Huang, Y.C., Banie, L., Breyer, B.N., Garcia, M. M., Lin, CS, Lue, T.F. (2010) Erectogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Icariin, a Purified Extract of Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium spp.) In Vitro and In Vivo. The Journal of Relationships Medicine Volume7, Issue 4 Pages 1518-1528 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Singh, R., Vikas Gupta, V., Bansal, P., Singh, R., Kumar, D. (2010) Pharmacological potential of plant used as aphrodisiacs. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Retrieved from: Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Sumalatha, K., Saravana Kumar, A., Mohana Lakshmi, S. (2010) Review on natural aphrodisiac potentials to treat relationships dysfunction. International Journal of Pharmacy & Therapeutics Volume 1 Issue 1 , Pages: 6-14 Retrieved from: Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Temkitthawon, P., Viyoch, J., Limpeanchob, N., Pongamornkul, W., Sirikul, W., Kumpila, A., Suwanborirux, K., Ingkaninana, K., (2008) Screening for phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of Thai medicinal plants. Journal of EthnopharmacologyVolume 119, Issue 2, Pages 214-217 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Xin, Z., Euikyung, K., Tian, Z., Lin, G., Guo, Y. (2001) Icariin on relaxation effect of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Chinese Science Bulletin Volume 46, Issue 14, Pages: 1186–1190 Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Yotarlai, S., Chaisuksunt, V., Saenphet, K., Sudwan, P. (2011) Effects of Boesenbergia rotunda juice on sperm qualities in male rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Volume 5 Issue 16 Pages: 3861-3867 Retrieved from: Tongkatali.org Bibliography

Zhang, Z.B., Yang. Q.T. (2006) The testosterone mimetic properties of icariin.Asian Journal of Andrology Volume 8, Issue 5 Pages 601-605 Tongkatali.org Bibliography